Omega–3 & Omega–6
Linoleic acid (LA) is one of the primary omega-6 fatty acids. It is essential for the body as it is a component of cell membranes and is involved in various biological processes.
The Role of Linoleic Acid in Chronic Pain and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
1. Chronic Pain :
- Linoleic acid contribute to inflammatory processes in the body because it is a precursor to arachidonic acid, which is used for the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes — substances involved in inflammation.
- Chronic inflammation lead to the development and maintenance of chronic pain, as inflammatory mediators increase the sensitivity of nerve endings.
2. Mitochondrial Dysfunction :
- An excess of omega-6 fatty acids, including linoleic acid, lead to oxidative stress and impaired mitochondrial function.
- Elevated levels of oxidative stress damage mitochondrial membranes and DNA, disrupting energy metabolism and contributing to the development of various diseases.
Nervous System Disorders Associated with Omega-6
1. Neurodegenerative Diseases :
- Excessive consumption of omega-6 fatty acids promote inflammatory processes in the brain, which is associated with the development of diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
2. Migraines :
- Some studies link high intake of omega-6 fatty acids to increased frequency and intensity of migraines.
3. Depression and Anxiety Disorders :
- An imbalance between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids can affect mood and cognitive functions, contributing to the development of depression, anxiety disorders, and panic attacks.
Sources of Omega-6 Fatty Acids
1. Sunflower Oil
2. Corn Oil
3. Soybean Oil
4. Safflower Oil
5. Peanut Oil
6. Cottonseed Oil
7. Hemp Oil
8. Rapeseed Oil
These oils are primary sources of omega-6 fatty acids and influence inflammatory processes in the body when consumed in excess.
Fats That Reduce Inflammation
- EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), found in fish (salmon, sardines, mackerel) and fish oil.
- ALA (alpha-linolenic acid), found in flaxseed oil, chia seeds, and walnuts.
2. Monounsaturated Fats:
- Olive oil
- Avocado
- Nuts (almonds, cashews)
3. Antioxidants:
- Polyphenols, found in berries, green tea, dark chocolate, and some spices (turmeric).
Conclusion
Linoleic acid and omega-6 fatty acids are important for the body, but their excess contribute to the development of inflammatory processes and associated diseases, including chronic pain and neurodegenerative disorders. To maintain health, it is important to balance the intake of omega-6(or better yet, reduce) and omega-3 fatty acids, and include antioxidants and monounsaturated fats in the diet.